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Hi Norm,
with regards to the issue of toxicity/flammability of resins for composites:
Unsaturated polyester resin (the one type used for 99% of marine fiberglass) contains volatile organic components, and it has a certain smell of styrene monomer. The amount of styrene generated while playing with polyester is definitely below the limit of EU occupational standards, but, if used in the confined space of an apartment, well above the threshold value of divorce. Anyhow, modern polyester has much lower volatiles than before. Polyester (before polymerization) has a medium level of flammability; does not ignite with a match, but insisting with a torch for some minutes, yes, it burns.
Epoxy resins are 100% solids 2-component materials, virtually free from volatile components, and have a very modest smell. In fact we use epoxy, outdoor and also indoor. Our brethrens the aircraft modelers use tons of epoxy, usually indoor. Unpolymerized epoxy has a medium/low level of flammability. Before igniting, it generates fumes, as any other plastics.
The unpleasant side of resins is that they stick to almost everything (with the exception of polythene, polypropylene, and fluoroplastics), including the operators' hands. Again, always use latex gloves when playing with resins, and carpet everything with polythene film. In the unfortunate event the resins get in touch with garments, they must be cleaned immediately with solvent (acetone or nitrocellulose thinner). As soon as the resin polymerizes, it becomes insoluble (and the garment becomes a solid piece of composite).
Personally, we consider cyanoacrylate glue much more unpleasant than epoxy or polyester. CA is eye-irritant, has a strong smell, and, being its polymerization water-catalyzed, has a very nasty affinity for the human skin (a stray stain of CA glues fingers together in one second). But OK, we also use CA, with the mandatory use of eye protection and latex gloves.
Regarding model railroading in Italy, yes, it is a popular hobby (maybe a bit less than in Germany or other EU Countries). We have some EU-level modeling shows in Verona and Milan, and some good local exhibitions.
Sincerely
Mario & Bice
with regards to the issue of toxicity/flammability of resins for composites:
Unsaturated polyester resin (the one type used for 99% of marine fiberglass) contains volatile organic components, and it has a certain smell of styrene monomer. The amount of styrene generated while playing with polyester is definitely below the limit of EU occupational standards, but, if used in the confined space of an apartment, well above the threshold value of divorce. Anyhow, modern polyester has much lower volatiles than before. Polyester (before polymerization) has a medium level of flammability; does not ignite with a match, but insisting with a torch for some minutes, yes, it burns.
Epoxy resins are 100% solids 2-component materials, virtually free from volatile components, and have a very modest smell. In fact we use epoxy, outdoor and also indoor. Our brethrens the aircraft modelers use tons of epoxy, usually indoor. Unpolymerized epoxy has a medium/low level of flammability. Before igniting, it generates fumes, as any other plastics.
The unpleasant side of resins is that they stick to almost everything (with the exception of polythene, polypropylene, and fluoroplastics), including the operators' hands. Again, always use latex gloves when playing with resins, and carpet everything with polythene film. In the unfortunate event the resins get in touch with garments, they must be cleaned immediately with solvent (acetone or nitrocellulose thinner). As soon as the resin polymerizes, it becomes insoluble (and the garment becomes a solid piece of composite).
Personally, we consider cyanoacrylate glue much more unpleasant than epoxy or polyester. CA is eye-irritant, has a strong smell, and, being its polymerization water-catalyzed, has a very nasty affinity for the human skin (a stray stain of CA glues fingers together in one second). But OK, we also use CA, with the mandatory use of eye protection and latex gloves.
Regarding model railroading in Italy, yes, it is a popular hobby (maybe a bit less than in Germany or other EU Countries). We have some EU-level modeling shows in Verona and Milan, and some good local exhibitions.
Sincerely
Mario & Bice